آموزش کامل راه اندازی موتور DC با آردوینو و ترانزیستور

				
					/*
 Motor Control with a Transistor

 This example shows you how to control a motor's using a transistor.
 When a pushbutton on pin 2 is pressed, the Arduino will control a transistor
 via PWM, which will slowly ramp up the motor's speed, then slow it down.

 The circuit :
 * momentary switch with one end connected to 5V, the other end connected
   to GND through a 10-kilohm resistor, and digital pin 2.
 * TIP120 tranistor, with the Base connected to digital pin 9, the Emitter to ground,
   and the Collector to one lead from a 9V DC motor
 * a 9V battery, with the ground connected to the Arduino's ground, and the power
   connected to the motor
 * 1N4001 diode across the motor's leads, with the striped side connected to the 9V

 The Arduino can only provide 40mA at 5V on its pins. Most motors require
 more current and/or voltage to overcome inertia and run. A transistor
 can act as a digital switch, enabling the Arduino to control loads with
 higher electrical requirements.

 Created on 03 January 2013
 by Scott Fitzgerald

 https://docs.arduino.cc/learn/electronics/transistor-motor-control

 This example code is in the public domain.
 */

// give a name to digital pin 2, which has a pushbutton attached
int pushButton = 2;

// the transistor which controls the motor will be attached to digital pin 9
int motorControl = 9;

// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
void setup() {
  // make the pushbutton's pin an input:
  pinMode(pushButton, INPUT);

  // make the transistor's pin an output:
  pinMode(motorControl, OUTPUT);  
}

// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
void loop() {

  // read the state of the button and check if it is pressed
  if(digitalRead(pushButton) == HIGH){
    // ramp up the motor speed
    for(int x = 0; x <= 255; x++){
      analogWrite(motorControl, x);
      delay(50);
    }

    // ramp down the motor speed
    for(int x = 255; x >= 0; x--){
      analogWrite(motorControl, x);
      delay(50);
    }    
  }

  delay(1);        // delay in between reads for stability
}